At least nine people dead, dozens missing as boat sinks off Djibouti coast

At least nine people have died, and 45 others are missing, after a boat carrying more than 300 migrants and refugees sank off the coast of Djibouti, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) has said.

The Djiboutian coastguard said on Thursday that it launched an emergency overnight operation after the vessel, a traditional galba-type boat packed with 320 people, went down near Guehere in the north of the country late on Tuesday.

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Rescue teams were rapidly reinforced with additional personnel and diving units from the coastguard’s Search and Rescue Department, pulling 266 survivors from the water.

The IOM said all those rescued were Ethiopian nationals, who were receiving support at its Migrant Response Centre in the nearby town of Obock.

Search operations for the missing were continuing, a coastguard official told Al Jazeera on Thursday.

“This tragic shipwreck may sadly mark the first of many incidents this year,” said Tanja Pacifico, IOM’s chief of mission in Djibouti.

The incident “comes at a time when the hot season is just starting in Djibouti, bringing rougher seas and strong winds that place migrants at even greater risk,” she said.

A judicial investigation into the circumstances of the sinking has been opened by the Djiboutian coastguard’s Research, Investigation and Judicial Affairs Brigade.

The boat was attempting one of the world’s most perilous migration crossings along the Bab al-Mandeb Strait, where Djibouti and Yemen are separated by as little as 20 kilometres (12 miles) of open water at their narrowest point.

Tens of thousands of people from the Horn of Africa region each year attempt to cross that short stretch of sea in an attempt to reach the Gulf states.

Those who survive the crossing then face a gruelling and dangerous overland journey through war-torn Yemen, before attempting to reach Saudi Arabia across its southern border.

Many never complete the journey, and according to IOM, migrants along this so-called Eastern Route often face arbitrary arrest, trafficking, violence and detention at every stage of the journey.

IOM data shows that more than 506,000 people moved along it in 2025, an 18 percent increase on the previous year, driven in part by smugglers adopting more remote coastal paths through Djibouti specifically to evade police checkpoints.

According to the IOM, transit movements through Obock alone rose by 58 percent last year.

Approximately 922 people died or went missing on the Eastern Route in 2025, nearly double the 558 recorded the year before, making it the deadliest year since IOM began tracking the route in 2014.

The UN’s migration agency recorded at least 7,667 migration deaths worldwide last year, approximately 21 each day. “These deaths are not inevitable,” IOM Director General Amy Pope said in February.

“When safe pathways are out of reach, people are forced into dangerous journeys and into the hands of smugglers and traffickers.”

Approximately 95 percent of migrants on the Eastern Route cite economic reasons for leaving, with IOM projecting that crossings through Djibouti will remain high in the coming months.